Real Estate Development, Construction, Economy Thesis

Land Development, Construction, Economy - Thesis Example The relationship of land, development and economy is enormous to the point that a destruction in the business can imperil the entire economy for a considerable length of time. Japan has confronted it in the eighties and economies of USA, Britain and numerous other are confronting today. The land and development areas consolidated had generally been a blasting business everywhere throughout the world and make up one of the biggest business portions in the U.S. economy. Land advancement happens in three significant zones: Residential, Commercial and mechanical. In private fragment shoppers are urged to purchase houses because of low financing costs winning in the market, Sub-prime loaning, lower come back from different sections or securities exchange speculation. Property holders are keen on rebuilding old houses that is likewise part of development industry land As indicated by 'The Economist' the complete resource in private property in created economies was worth $48 trillion and in business property worth $14 trillion of every 2002. This was 54% of the complete resources in two classes of advantages, Property and financial.1.(Wikipedia) From the wellsprings of Bank of International Settlement and divider Street diary it has been discovered that more than three years from 2001-2004 lodging esteems have climbed 63% in Spain, 48% in France, and about multiplied in South Africa. In single year in 2004 costs have rises 48% in Bulgaria, 19% in Hong Kong and scaled up in China, UK, Australia and India. 2. (Worldwide Real Estate Boom) Land costs had exceptional ascent for such a long time thus quick in numerous nations of the world-America, Britain, Australia, France Spain, and China. Rising property costs assisted with propping up the world economy after the financial exchange bubble burst in 2000 According to gauges by The Economist, in the course of the most recent five years the complete estimation of private property in created economies has gone up by more than $30 trillion. In the course of recent years, to over $70 trillion. This is an expansion of about 100% of the consolidated GDP of those nations. This diminutive people any past house-value blast. It is bigger than the worldwide financial exchange bubble in the late 1990s or America's securities exchange Land Dev..3 bubble in the late 1920s (55% of GDP). It is maybe going to be the greatest air pocket ever. There is a positive correlation between the land air pocket of Japan in 1989 and that of 2005 in USA/UK Land bubbles are made now and again in certain nations at specific stretches however it isn't fixed and not gauge capable. It happened in 1920, 1980 and again they are taking steps to bring heads up in 2007-08 in USA, UK China and some more nations. This time the house costs have been ascending for long. Over 25% of homes purchased in USA and UK are for venture reason not for proprietor occupation demonstrating that the interest in lodging is for theoretical rationale. Dominant part of first time purchasers didn't make any up front installment for the credit authorized. The home costs in the greater part of nations have gone

Bhavnath Temple Case Study

R. D. Presentation: The case is about an expanding water system offices after autonomy however there was sure issues with the evacuating area of BHAVNATH TEMPLE which is between the dam and individuals don’t need to change spot of sanctuary with that there are some other issue additionally there. After autonomy in 1947, the both focal state government need in general financial turn of events. In unified Bombay area a proposition given to assemble dam on stream. It determined 4700 million cu. ft. Water to create 92000 section of land of land, In 3 region. To do that 8 towns are completely lowered and resettled at other spot. This all require to giving new business to individuals. The supply was to have catchments zone of 230 sq. miles. The normal precipitation was 34†. In this 1 arrangement the F. S. L. , was 592 H. F. L. was 596 and R. L. was 601. Coordinated irrigable zone was 19300 sections of land and the circuitous water system stream to some 73600acre. It yields 15. 83 needs income for each year. Horticultural creation increment as 30400 tons. It was 147. 74 needs. This task was completely doable according to government. In the event that arrangement 1 was acknowledged than sanctuary was spared by utilizing doors to spare from flood. In the wake of making 1 proposition government made 2 proposition. In that, if all of three levels rose with the goal that extreme limit raise to 1000 million cu. Ft. in that F. S. L. 595 H. F. L. 606. By doing this the agrarian creation expanding and water system offices give to bigger regions. In any case, in 2 arrangement sanctuary couldn't be spared however individuals stayed resolved in there request. IN 1960 territory of Bombay bifurcated and now Gujarat PWD office started to consider revived the arrangement once more. They discover this plan was useful for improvement. The issue is that what ought to do to become achievement of this arrangement. Targets: †¢ To fabricate the dam, †¢ To increment farming creation, †¢ Do extreme generally advancement Problems: †¢ Temple get lowered, †¢ Religious opinions, †¢ Opposition by townspeople †¢ People get dislodged. Imperatives: †¢ Location of dam †¢ Religious assessment can’t be changed. Measures: †¢ Cost ought to be limited †¢ Maximum returns †¢ Minimum individuals influenced †¢ Minimum time in usage Alternatives: †¢ Plan 1 if no arrangement 2 †¢ Resettlement of influenced individuals †¢ Wall around the sanctuary Help from strict pioneer †¢ Convincing individuals about advantage †¢ Raising the tallness of sanctuary Suggestion: From all above elective we contrast it and goals, issue, and models we can propose that to succeeding this plan government should expand ing level of sanctuary by above than flood level with utilizing great development peeler so eventually stature of sanctuary raised and they spared from flood. By doing so people groups are license to manufacture dam on stream. Alternate course of action: If it is preposterous to expect to assemble sanctuary by development of piller then take help from the strict pioneer. Much obliged to YOU Bhavnath Temple Case Study R. D. Presentation: The case is about an expanding water system offices after freedom yet there was sure issues with the expelling area of BHAVNATH TEMPLE which is between the dam and individuals don’t need to change spot of sanctuary with that there are some other issue additionally there. After freedom in 1947, the both focal state government need generally speaking financial turn of events. In unified Bombay area a proposition given to manufacture dam on stream. It determined 4700 million cu. ft. Water to create 92000 section of land of land, In 3 area. To do that 8 towns are completely lowered and resettled at other spot. This all require to giving new job to individuals. The repository was to have catchments zone of 230 sq. miles. The normal precipitation was 34†. In this 1 arrangement the F. S. L. , was 592 H. F. L. was 596 and R. L. was 601. Coordinated irrigable territory was 19300 sections of land and the backhanded water system stream to some 73600acre. It yields 15. 83 needs income for each year. Rural creation increment as 30400 tons. It was 147. 74 needs. This task was completely attainable according to government. On the off chance that arrangement 1 was acknowledged than sanctuary was spared by utilizing doors to spare from flood. In the wake of making 1 proposition government made 2 proposition. In that, if all of three levels rose with the goal that extreme limit raise to 1000 million cu. Ft. in that F. S. L. 595 H. F. L. 606. By doing this the agrarian creation expanding and water system offices give to bigger territories. Be that as it may, in 2 arrangement sanctuary couldn't be spared yet individuals stayed unyielding in there request. IN 1960 territory of Bombay bifurcated and now Gujarat PWD office started to consider revived the arrangement once more. They discover this plan was useful for improvement. The issue is that what ought to do to become accomplishment of this arrangement. Targets: †¢ To construct the dam, †¢ To increment horticultural creation, †¢ Do extreme in general advancement Problems: †¢ Temple get lowered, †¢ Religious suppositions, †¢ Opposition by townspeople †¢ People get uprooted. Requirements: †¢ Location of dam †¢ Religious assessment can’t be changed. Models: †¢ Cost ought to be limited †¢ Maximum returns †¢ Minimum individuals influenced †¢ Minimum time in execution Alternatives: †¢ Plan 1 if no arrangement 2 †¢ Resettlement of influenced individuals †¢ Wall around the sanctuary Help from strict pioneer †¢ Convincing individuals about advantage †¢ Raising the tallness of sanctuary Suggestion: From all above elective we contrast it and targets, issue, and standards we can recommend that to succeeding this plan g overnment should expanding level of sanctuary by above than flood level with utilizing great development peeler so eventually stature of sanctuary raised and they spared from flood. By doing so people groups are grant to fabricate dam on stream. Alternate course of action: If it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to manufacture sanctuary by development of piller then take help from the strict pioneer. Much obliged to YOU

Case Study on Profitability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contextual investigation on Profitability - Assignment Example In this way the diminishing in working overall revenue demonstrates that working costs of Deutsche Brauerei rise quicker than its business, which can be unmistakably observed from display 1: 48.4% expansion in deals against 49.5% expansion in working costs. Thus this implies Deutsche Brauerei now has less adaptability in deciding costs, and consequently less wellbeing in intense financial occasions. The proportion of annual expenses to income before charges has additionally expanded to 39.5% in 1999 and 39% in 2000 from 33.8% in 1997 and 34.5% in 1998. From display 1 we can see that available salary increment consistently over years (which can be clarified by shaky financial circumstance in Ukraine), while profit before charges develop more slow. Therefore return on deals, which shows the operational proficiency of the organization partitioning income before charge by complete deals, has diminished from 4% in 1998 (preceding default) to 2.8% in 1999 leveling the breakdown to 3.2% in 2000. Still investors' value keeps on expanding moving the arrival on value proportion up to 10.3% in 2000 - the most elevated measure for a long time; the business looks great from this point of view. Profit for net resources which is equivalent to overall gain partitioned by fixed resources and net working capital likewise gives indications of sound execution expanding to 8.4% in 2000 6.9% in earli er year. The arrival on resources proportion have come back to its incentive in 1998 - 4.7% - demonstrating that an organization effectively utilizes its advantages while reestablishing gainfulness after monetary breakdown in previous USSR locale. As can be seen from the display 1, deals in Germany have been expanding gradually in the course of the most recent four years, while the principle stake was made on the Ukrainian market. In this manner changes in productivity of DB are incredibly influenced by neighborhood financial atmosphere, which was entirely insecure these years. In spite of the fact that encountering challenges in creating benefit, DB has caused an effective to recoup from financial troubles of the year 1998. Influence Influence proportions decide the organization's drawn out dissolvability. Monetary influence is the name given to the effect on returns of an adjustment in the degree to which the association's benefits are financed with obtained cash. (Scott, 1998) For example obligation/value proportion shows how much cash the organization can securely acquire over long-terms and it is estimated with separating the all out obligation with all out value. The obligation/value proportion for DB has tumbled from 72.3% in 1997 to 66% in 2000. The organization has acquired assets in 1997 creation ventures into Ukrainian market, which is the explanation of such high obligation/value proportion in 1997. It is diminishing alongside obligation/all out capital proportion (long haul obligation/long haul obligation + investor's value), which was 39.8% in 2000 contrasting with 41.9% in 1997. This is a decent indication of expanding long haul dissolvability. EBIT/intrigue proportion, which shows how frequently th e organization can cover its commitments was somewhat steady during the most recent three years (4.7 in 1999, 2000, 4.8 in 1998) expanding essentially from 3.8 in 1997. The organization has altogether diminished its obligation in 1998, which was reflected in the expanded dissolvability over the most recent three years. Resource Utilization The productivity of the business is estimated by resource utilization proportions. Resource usage proportions are particularly significant for inward checking concerning execution over numerous periods, filling in as notice signs or benchmarks from which important ends might be reached on operational issues (Blok and Hirt, 2005). Resource turnover is one of the most significant

Article How Can We Train Leaders If We Dont Know What Leadership Is Literature Review - Free Essay Example

Article: How can we train leaders if we dont know what leadership is? Literature Review Critical paper analysis Article: HOW CAN WE TRAIN LEADERS IF WE DO NOT KNOW WHAT LEADERSHIP IS ? By RICHARD A: BARKER 2 CONTENT: 1. summary of the article difference between leader and leadership definitions of leadership different leadership concepts / paradigms difference between leadership and management leadership and leadership training – different ideas 2. Critical discussion Problem of leadership definitions Lack of illustrations Concepts of bureaucracy and adhocracy Problem of ‘leader’ and ‘follower’ Leadership training A manager is not always a leader 3 1. HOW CAN WE TRAIN LEADERS OF WE DO NOT KNOW WHAT LEADERSHIP IS ? BY RICHARD A. BARKER (summary of the article) The article defines leadership and gives examples of many different definitions, past and recent ones, and shows that there is no single generalized leadership concept. BARKER clearly separates the three terms, leader, leadership and management by explaining and criticizing the old feudal paradigm 1 and the new one which are the basis of conceptualisation of leadership. BARKER points out that there is a difference between being a leader (which is defined by BURNS as leader traits and behaviours ) and the term â€Å"leadership†. According to BURNS, leadership consists of goals that must be related towards an end value and represents a reciprocal process within a context of competition and conflict. Since Burns, the study of leadership has taken many differe nt forms which had a narrower focus on the term, however today there is very little known about leadership. There are very few recent definitions of leadership, although those that exist focus on the leader’s knowledge, traits, skills and abilities and the process of influencing. Contrary to many other authors, BARKER does not make the assumption that people know what leadership is. The responses from various studies which were done with leadership students have shown that there is very little consistency when it comes to the definition of leadership. Often these definitions are contradictory, discrepant and the content and nature of leadership are confused. However, even though there is little tendency in the definition of leadership, scholars have tried to produce a generally accepted perspective of leadership, a paradigm as the base for leadership. 1 Paradigm = a generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time; he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm- dictionary 4 This paradigm is a feudal one, where there is a ruler (masculine), within a hierarchical system, who directs and controls the activities of their subjects towards the achievement of the leader’s goals. This is usually in the form of defence and acquisition of land, i. e. war. The feudal system has been adapted slightly to form the Industrial paradigm, with economic warfare. Both paradigms have been used time and time again so that almost all existing theories and concepts of leadership today, rely on this paradigm of ‘one man at the top’. BARKER says that now there has been however a tendency towards circular or horizontal social structures of society so that the old paradigm is no longer very relevant for all organizations. According to ROST and BURNS it focuses on the leader abilities rather than on the process of leadership. Considering the word leadership itself, it can be broken down into 2 different types; abilities and skills or relationships. BARKER detailed that if leadership is focused on behaviours, skills, traits and abilities, the term has two social functions: the hope for salvation and the blame of failure. There is a lot of training for leadership abilities using this old model however it is very difficult for those being trained to put the theory into practice since they are taught simplistic models that must be applied to complex social and organizational processes. Before analysing the leadership training, it is important to ask ROST’S question: ‘how do leaders abilities differ from those of an effective manager? ’ According to BARKER, management is conceptualized as â€Å"a skill or a set of behaviours: the ability to allocate and control resources to achieve specific, planned objectives† wherefore everyone can be or become a manager. Management is the rational process of bringing about and maintaining stability and routine and also to 5 anticipate and adapt to change but not to create it, whereas leadership is all about creating new patterns of behaviour and change. The Industrial paradigm puts the leadership into a dynamic supervisor/subordinate relationship frame which is not clearly defined. The relationship can be political (BURNS) or it can be an interaction with many different people (evolutionary: ROST), but it is not a rational process. ROST’s main idea is â€Å"that leadership is a dynamic social and political relationship that is based on a set of mutual development purposes. † Relations hips are contractual and are a narrower field than the concept of leadership process, which is broader and provides the vehicle for creating leadership relationships. The leadership process is defined as â€Å"a dynamic process of interaction that creates change. † This view of leadership makes a defined leader unimportant and diminishes the relevance of leaders and their characteristics, abilities and behaviours. Leadership can only be defined by the society or culture it is in as it is a democratic and social process, containing complex relationships, which constantly changes its form, speed, direction etc. Ethics also play a major role in the conceptualisation of leadership. The paper describes ethics as end values or outcomes and describes how they are incorporated into the definition of the leadership process. Two constructs of social psychology have been created, that help to explain ethics and their role in leadership. In these constructs the subconscious controls the conscious behaviour. In the two tier framework, ethics are considered as conscious as is leadership, whereas in the three tier model, according to HARRE ET AL. , leadership is seen as more subconscious but profoundly compelling. Leadership is said to be â€Å"a means for individuals to explore, understand, modify and articulate their own and other individuals’ ethics. † Within this paradigm, it is 6 leadership that creates the leader not the other way round. Leadership must necessarily be founded during a crisis2, which acts as a catalyst for the leadership process. This process, occurring in organisations which have serious trouble, is so uncontrollable that it may result in unpredictable outcomes and it can also be very disruptive to the management process. In leadership objectives are mutually created, whereas management has to use an authority relationship with power to manipulate the employees. The new paradigm removes many well-established social institutions: The group becomes responsible for the outcome, not the leader. High executive perks and salaries and the traditional approaches to leadership are not justified anymore. The new concept provides for an examination of the beliefs and assumptions behind the leadership theories. However it remains unaccepted due to being not scientifique enough, contrary to the old paradigm. The old paradigm has four assumptions the new one does not support: Firstly, leadership is often broken down into its basic components to be studied, however leadership has experiential qualities that defy deductive analysis. Secondly, leadership is also broken down into cause-effect relationships; however the new paradigm is about the whole, so it is completely inconsistent with deductive methods. Thirdly, that focus should lead to some sort of predictability and control. But the new paradigm is contrary to this, as there is a strong de -emphasis prediction as a central theme. It focuses on a group process, which is extremely difficult to sort out since it is so complex. This new theory may prove to be too complicated 2 Crisis = a perceived differential between what exists in the social order and what is desired by an individual that is strong enough to be motivating (BARKER), it orients people to think about change. 7 and to unapproachable by the Cartesian theory of explanation. However the current empirical approach is not working so something must be done. Fourthly, the old leadership paradigm was based on the assumption of constancy, but there are problems of inconsistency over time and subjectivity. The main point here is that accepting the new paradigm does not necessarily mean that the old one must be discarded. In some situations, it can still be used to better explain leadership even though there is a trend towards situations where the new paradigm is much better siuted. BARKER points out that there are different ideas about leadership training. ROST and BURNS criticized that management and leadership must be defined in the same way for leadership training to be defended. They said that this ciew is inadequate and over rationalistic. According to KLENKE, training should rather focus on leadership as a process. He avoids a bipolar or dualistic thinking. WREN focuses on citizenship as a function of leadership. Therefore, training should be focused on leadership participants actively shaping their world. BARKER criticises that modern liberal disciplines have 3 problems which has to be solved to make consistency between education and the emerging paradigm in order to make a bette r training : understanding (interpretation) instead of empiricism (rationalism), tendency of relativism in the studies and incorrect bases of academic disciplines. In the final part of the article, BARKER gives some more practical advice on education of leadership, managerial training, executive / managerial 8 development and leadership education3 and he concludes that the experience which is the most important aspect of leadership would be lost if training is only rational and scientific. A new theory is needed to have a better understanding of what leadership is, so as to cope with it. 2. CRITICAL DISCUSSION: BARKER gives a huge variety of different definitions of leadership and analyses them in a very detailed way. He offers the reader different concepts of leadership which use different definitions as their basis. Thus the reader realizes how many points of views about leadership exist and how important it is to know which concept is used if we study leadership. However, BARKERS main weak point is that he gives the reader only an overview and critique of the different definitions and concepts but does not try to find his own definition. He criticizes others for the thing he himself cannot achieve. He makes the reader aware of the lack of a general definition of leadership and underlines this problem but he does not solve it. He puts the reader into a direction, motivates him to reflect and to enlarge his view but leaves the end, the latest version of the definition of leadership which has to be adapted to the actual situation, open. Another critical point of BARKER’S article is the lack of illustrations. He presents to the reader many definitions which have similar tendencies and which are not easily separable. But he does not give the reader any examples. His article remains very theoretical. 3 For further information you can consult the article. 9 When talking about the feudal paradigm and the new one we can use the theory of â€Å"bureaucraty† and â€Å"adhocraty† to further explain the phenomena of the changing leadership concepts. In the bureaucratical organisation there was a high hierarchy and control, many different rules and impersonality which corresponds to the model of the feudal ruler who was at the top of the hierarchy and had the control over his subordinates. In the past few years, the bureaucratical orga nisation has changed towards a more decentralised organisation, where the individualism and responsibility of each person plays an important role, which changes the previous â€Å"agents† into â€Å"actors†. Since leadership is present in organisations, the development of the organisational system should also influence the leadership concept. Here it is evident that BARKER speaks the truth when he says that old leadership ideas cannot be used to answer or explain new phenomena. Therefore leadership training which is based mainly on the old feudal paradigm cannot be used in a new context. The old paradigm makes a difference between the â€Å"leader† and the â€Å"follower†. But in many actual organisations there is no real â€Å"follower† anymore. The members of the organisations are not passive individuals. They have their own values, ideas and objectives which they try to achieve, they have a certain responsibility within the organisations and take decisions. They are â€Å"acteurs†. Thus, it is not only the leader who brings about leadership. The leader needs the collaboration of the others. A person can have the best leadership skills and it might still happen that no leadership occurs if the individuals in the organisation are not willing to achieve the end value or goal and do not want to participate in the leadership. Leadership that includes a certain relationship between the leader and the other individuals has always two sides: the leader’s side and the one of the others who let this person become a leader. 10 In my opinion this is a very important point concerning leadership training. Special institutions offer firms or managers leadership trainings, but they focus on the leader’s skills, abilities and behaviour instead of taking in consideration the persons who have to be led. Often the leadership trainings are held in seminars and take place in courses with many people. Thus the training can not be specific enough. The persons taking part in these courses get general ideas of a good leader, they get to know the most effective skills a leader should have to influence people into his direction. But these courses neither adapt the training to the individual person who has to become a leader nor to the people who has to be led. The training is not put into the actual and specific context in which leadership should arise. Another point that is also very important is the fact that very often firms send managers to these leadership trainings. But I have to mention that managers are not automatically leaders. They say what has to be done , they give certain objectives for the firm and can make the people in the firm work for them in order to achieve the final goal. This is very often realized by the use of power which manifests itself in punishment, violence, seduction and strategy. BARKER is right when he explains, that even if the manager reaches the desired goal, he is not necessarily a leader as this goal is very often not mutual and the origin is not born within the group. In an organisation a leader can be a person which has a lower position than the manager, if he gets the others to work for one common objective . The leader can only become and be a leader if people are willing to legitimate this person as a leader (a manager is not always accepted by the members of an organisation). This person can be for example a powerless worker in a firm who is situated on the lowest hierarchical level. It can be a completely disorganised person who doe not have any managing skills but is accepted as a leader by his collaborators. In my opinion many leadership skills are implicit which means that they are inherited, they are part of the individual’s 11 genes, like for example being charismatic. Charisma cannot be taught or learned as it is a part of your inner self and also a part of your exterior appearance which cannot be changed. I co nclude that even a unique leadership concept and definition of leadership which is based on the new paradigm and adapted to the latest development of organisational and social structures existed, leadership would still not be completely successful. Leadership targets individuals that all differ and some of the most efficient and successful abilities of a leader are not learnable. Leadership training will always fail. 12

Essay Case note on ahluwalia - 1298 Words

R. V Kiranjit Ahluwalia [1993] 96 Cr. APP. R. 133 Court of Appeal Introduction In this case, R. V Kiranjit Ahluwalia1, the appellant is kiranjit Ahluwalia and the respondent is Regina (the Crown). The Legal issue in the case was whether the use of provocation as a defense could stand as she had sufficient time to consider her action and also if it could stand as a defence to person who has suffered domestic abuse with resulted in a battered woman’s syndrome. The Crown court convicted her of Murder and rejected the defence of provocation. The court of appeal overturned the conviction and ordered a retrial. Facts On the†¦show more content†¦The counsel for the appellant goes further to say that based on expert evidence, women with a long history of violent treatment may react to provocation with what he calls a slow burn reaction rather than an instantaneous loss of self control.10 The Judge held that the phrase â€Å"sudden and temporary loss of control’ summarizes the main idea of the defence of provocation, and that its main purpose as a defence is strictly concerned with the actions of an individual who as not that that moment master of his own mind. However, the longer the interval of time between the provocation and the fatal act the stronger the evidence on deliberation.11 The appellant’s second submission concerned the way the judge in the first instance referenced sudden and temporary loss of self-control to the jury in the direction. The appellant submitted that this direction was incorrect. He also proposed that the learned Judge’s direction regarding the appellant’s characteristics in an attempt to use the model set by Lord Diplock in DPP v Camplin. The counsel for the appellant criticized the learned judges direction on two grounds: Firstly, that the Judge did not mention that the appellant was suffering from a condition known as the battered woman’s syndrome which so affected her personality that it put her in a state of learnt helplessness. Secondly, that the list of characteristics should have been left open so that the jury may pick up on the fact that she suffered from aShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Positive and Negative Word-of-Mouth on Consumers’ Brand Evaluations1237 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumersâ€⠄¢ brand evaluations towards a product, as well as outlining factors that may be associated with impact. 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Marketing Strategy and Plan Filters in Australian Market

Question: Describe about the Marketing Strategy and Plan for Filters in Australian Market. Answer: Introduction The report consists of a marketing plan for 3M gold screen filters in Australian market. The marketing plan focuses on a specific product category of the company i.e. privacy filter screen for laptop. The company deals in many products. 3M is a company that focuses on innovation. There are approximately more than 4000 products in the market of 3M. However, the study focuses on marketing plan for one product line that is privacy screen for laptops. The case study of 3M focuses on the gold privacy filters of 3M for wider screen laptops. Nowadays, privacy is also maintained by people while working in public places. These privacy screen filters not only save the laptop from dust and other hazards but also from prying eyes of other people. The marketing plan for this line of product must be unique so that it can focus on more target customers. Many aspects are discussed in the study such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, internal environment analysis and consumer analysis in Australian m arket. Apart from that, marketing mix is also described along with implementation of positioning tools for the privacy filter screen. The marketing plan will have some goals that will be aligned to the organizational goals and objectives of the company at strategic level. Macro environment analysis Analysis of macro environment includes PESTEL analysis of Australia. Political: The country is a safe for investment. It is the hub for multinational companies to extend their business operations in Asia Pacific region. The country is ranked first due to the adaptability of the government in the tough economic conditions. Effectiveness and transparency of government is highly rated (Tugut et al. 2015). Economic: Australia is a country with high per capita income and GDP. It is a wealthy country with high market economy. After Switzerland, Australia ranks second in terms of average wealth in the year 2013. It is seen that the nation is witnessing an economic growth of 3% in the year of 2015. Hence, it is favourable for 3M to run its gold screen privacy filters in Australian market. Social: Social factors include nature, culture of the nation as well as people of Australia. The country is politically stable and democratic. Regulations of Britain and North America are followed in Australia but in a different manner. The people of the country spend money which is beneficial for 3M to sell its specialised gold privacy screen in Australia (Altuntas and Turker 2015). Technological: Technological dearth of Australia is very fast and developed. New technologies of Australia help in creation of new specialised gold screen filters for wide screen laptops. Environmental: Environmental factors include change in climate, temperature and weather conditions. Global warming is the cause of change of temperature that may affect the productivity of the manufacturing unit of the company. Apart from that, many Environment Protection Acts of Australia affect the profitability of 3M gold screen privacy filters(Garoufallou et al. 2013). Legal: Legal factors include regulations of Australia. Introduction of disability discrimination law and age discrimination legislation in the field of minimum age affects the business operations of the company in Australia. Law sometimes affects the buying behaviour and likelihood patterns of availing a service or buying a product (Wilson 2015). Internal and Micro environment analysis Micro environment of 3M gold screen privacy filters in Australia refers to banks, customers, public, trade unions, suppliers, distributors, competitors, banks, employees and media. Customers of the products of 3M (gold screen privacy filters) include the target customers of Australia. It is the responsibility of the company to satisfy the needs and demands of the people of Australia. The company must be committed to deliver quality products and services to the public of the country. It is used to create good reputation for the company in the market. Employees are valuable assets of the company that are responsible for improved productivity of the firm. Suppliers and distributors are very important for a company (Hsu et al. 2016). Good relation is maintained by the company (gold screen privacy filters) to its distributors and suppliers for smooth flow of operations. Competitor analysis include porters five forces model. Bargaining power of the suppliers is low in case of 3M that is an advantage for the company. Bargaining power of the buyers is high that results in bargaining of prices of the products of 3M. However, gold screen privacy filters is new in the market so customers will not able to bargain prices in few months. Threat of substitutes for this product in Australian market is almost nil. It is also a situation of advantage for gold screen privacy filters. Threat of substitutes in the Australian market is high. There are many competitors like ITT Corporation, Honeywell International Inc., etc (Pearson 2013). These companies can innovate filter screens for laptops in future in Australian market. It can also lead to threat of new entrants in the market. SWOT analysis Strength: 3M has strong base of employees with over diversified portfolio of products. The company operates in more than 65 countries across the world. 3M gold screen privacy filters has robust financial improving position along with cash flow. High brand image across the world is strength for the privacy filters. Weakness: Litigations and environmental issues in certain circumstances have affected the profitability of the company as well as the brand image of the 3M gold screen privacy filters. As the company is a market leader in its own industrial sector, any wrong step in marketing and CSR activities would hurt the image of the brand in the competitive marketplace (Nichols 2014). Opportunity: Australian market is a booming market. 3M by implementation of effective marketing strategies would able to increase their reputation in the market along with tapping more customers for the gold screen privacy filters. Global presence of 3M helps in acquisition while strengthening its gold screen filter screen market in Australia. Apart from that, the product is innovative that is a great opportunity for 3M (Ancarani and Gisco 2014). Threats: Threats of 3M privacy filters include presence of competitors in the market such as Honeywell International Inc., ITT Corporation, and Avery Dennison Corporation that can be a potential cause of loss of market share. Apart from that, strict governmental policies along with unfriendly environmental regulations can affect the business operations of 3M (Whalen and Boush 2014). Consumer analysis Consumer behaviour is a field that helps companies in understanding the nature of consumers in the market. Nowadays companies are focusing on this field to formulate different practices and policies that helps in promotion of the particular product of the company. The first responsibility of a company is to identify the target customers. After that, extensive market research will be conducted by 3M in order to understand the buying behaviour of the buyers in the market. Product category of 3M is different from that of its competitors (Berman 2016). The product line selected for formulating marketing plan is privacy screen filters. It is a different category of product. Hence, the need of consumer analysis is very necessary to increase the sale of the company especially this product. Apart from that, there are many theoretical frameworks of consumer behaviour used by companies that will help in gaining a better understanding of the decision making and nature of the shoppers in the mar ket. Marketing Plan Goals and objectives The strategic goals of the marketing plan for launching 3M gold privacy filters in Australian market are categorised into sales, profit, pricing and product objectives. 3M is a renowned company that wants to launch its gold privacy filters in Australian market. Pricing of the product is kept as premium pricing as the product belongs to niche market and the brand has high reputation in the market (Gonzalez-Padron et al. 2016). Product objectives include development of the added benefits as per the demands of the customers. The most important part of the plan is successfully commencing the marketing plan of gold privacy filters within the allocated budget. Positioning Tools Positioning map is used as a positioning tool apart from traditional segmenting targeting and positioning. A perceptual map for the product as well as the brand is very useful while formulating marketing and branding strategy. It is used to determine the thinking procedure and perception of the consumers towards the brand. Companies for differentiating their brand in the market use positioning map. It provides a competitive advantage to the brand. Gold privacy filters is a niche product that is a differentiator in the market (Pradhan and Kundu 2016). However, for sustaining the innovation in the market, 3M is using positioning map and differentiation strategy in the market. Figure: Perceptual Map of 3M (Created by Author) Implementation of marketing mix Product: The product selected for the marketing plan is gold privacy screen for wide screen laptop. The product is new in the market. It is an innovative product by 3M for privacy of the users of the laptop. The gold filter will help the user of laptop to see the screen clear. Anybody peeping from side will see golden screen that will prevent loss of data or saving private data (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). The new product will definitely hit the market in successful implementation of the marketing plan. Product of 3M is new and unique in the market that will hit the mind of the customers by its promotion in the market. Price: The pricing of the product is formulated by premium pricing as the product is very new in the market. The brand reputation of the company is very high in the market. This is the reason of charging premium from the market. The company is famous for its private screens for laptop of different sizes. This category is new and innovative i.e. gold screens. Gold is the symbol of royalty and it is also a reason of charging premium price from the customers. However, pricing would be also a strategy in the marketing plan (Armstrong et al. 2014). Place: The marketing of the gold screen should be done in shopping malls and other places where electronics goods are available especially in electronic malls. Sponsorships with FMCD companies and in own branded shops. The company have to maintain a well network of distribution channels so that supply of goods should remain intact (Ryan 2014). Promotion: It is the most important part of the marketing plan, the budget allocated for the plan will be spend in the promotion of the product. 3M will spend its budget both on traditional and online marketing channels. Budgets are allocated for creating advertisements on Television, display ads, radio promotion, print ads, newspaper ads, etc. Relation between suppliers and retailers is promoted by the company. In store promotions like point of sales, point of purchases, sidewalk talks are promoted for dragging the attention of customers. Alliance campaigns are promoted by 3M (Zeriti et al. 2014). Conclusion The report analyses details on product category of 3M i.e. gold privacy filters for wide screen laptops. 3M is a company with high brand reputation in the market. Detailed marketing plan is formulated for this new product category. Goals are set along with the marketing plan for improved sales of the privacy screen of the company. A specific marketing budget is allocated in the marketing plan for promotion of the product in the market. Apart from that, consumer trend analysis is performed by 3M that will help the company in formulating the marketing plan in an effective way. References Altuntas, C. and Turker, D., 2015. Local or global: Analyzing the internationalization of social responsibility of corporate foundations.International Marketing Review,32(5), pp.540-575. Ancarani, F. and Gisco, A., 2014.Wellness Marketing: New strategies for new trends. EGEA spa. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. 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How to Create Effective Essay Topics For College Students

How to Create Effective Essay Topics For College StudentsMigrating to a new college campus can be overwhelming. Many students are nervous about applying for classes or having to start from scratch. Many have never lived on a new campus before and often feel out of place and unsure of how to take control of the situation. These concerns can be minimized by writing a migration essay topic and participating in campus life before attending classes.Finding migration essay topics for college students is a bit more difficult than other subjects. To help students find topics, select three possible areas and use the 'Submitted' column in a computerized search to track the topic. The first thing students should do is search for topics related to their major of choice.When students begin to write their essay, they should remember that migration essay topics are more about living on a new campus than about campus life. There are many reasons for this, including the social environment of living o n a new campus. College students also need to develop a level of confidence that comes with living on a new campus.Students must also realize that this transition period will be filled with various emotions. Many students will be eager to be on a new campus and ready to learn. At the same time, many will be apprehensive to take on another lifestyle, as well as to experience a new culture.Being accepted into a college does not guarantee acceptance into a community as a college student. Students need to be prepared to adapt to their new community. This can include adjusting to local weather and culture, as well as adapting to the new culture.As a college student you will see many students struggling to adjust to their new community. They will quickly become absorbed in all of the new things and places that they will encounter. The best way to avoid feeling overwhelmedis to have some information handy that will guide them through the adjustment period. Writing about campus life can mak e this easier, since this is what most students will be experiencing at their new college.Finding essay topics can be a challenge for any college student. Even for students who already have an essay topic, this process will likely be different. The one area where students may have problems is when they find themselves too familiar with their new community. It is important to realize that most students will have some contact with other students on their new campus.Thus, migration essay topics should focus on all aspects of campus life, including the things that make college life fun. As the students begin to adapt to their new lifestyle, they will also be able to relate to others who have experienced the same situation. This will enable them to become more confident in their ability to succeed in their new environment. Helping students become more comfortable and confident in their abilities will greatly help their college experience.